Geophysical evaluations rely upon the application of physical principles to study the Earth’s interior. Geophysical technologies are utilized to solve a wide range of geologic or geotechnical problems that come up with regard to environmental site assessment (ESA) or site development projects.

Some examples of geophysical project work include:

• Subsurface detection of geologic strata (e.g., detection and delineation of changing soil or rock conditions, delineation of potentially expansive clay soils)

• “Leaking Dam” investigations

• Aquifer characterization (e.g., well siting studies, depth to groundwater determinations)

• Fault/fracture delineation studies

• Karst feature identification/delineation and mapping studies

• Identification/delineation of subsurface manmade features (pipelines, buried cables, mining tunnels, etc.)

• Resource assessment for aggregate quarry sites (e.g., rock and unconsolidated sediments)

• Identification of preferential pathways for contaminant migration in the subsurface (e.g., buried gravel channels, fault zones, fill placement zones, etc.)

• Identification and delineation of buried wastes (e.g., closed municipal solid waste landfills, dump sites, etc.)